Schedule of an artesian source: 1. Water-feeding layer 2. Negligible layer 3. Regeneration by precipitation 4. Artificial artesian source (drilling) 5. Piezoometric level 6. Beam tube, phreatic well (freatic groundwater) 7. Natural artesian source
An artificial source is a source from which the water spontaneously rises through the hydrostatic pressure on the water contained in an underground pelvis.
The name comes from the province of Artesia (Artois) in France where such sources are common.
The soil can be made up of different aquifers (aquifer layers, packages) separated by impermeable layers. Because a deeper water supply package can be fed by rainwater from another higher area, the hydrostatic pressure in the deeper package can be (much) higher than in the parent package. Such a deep water-bearing layer with high hydrostatic pressure is also called artesian pelvis. Everywhere an artesian pelvis has an opening to the earth's surface, there is an artesian source. In the Netherlands it is then spoken of kwelwater.
An artesian well is a man-made artesian source. As the deeper layer is drilled, "spontaneous" water will flow out of the borehole. Examples Also see
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