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A Nuclear Localization Sequence (NLS) or Nuclear Localization Sequence (NLS) is a small amino acid sequence (8 to 10 amino acids) that targets proteins to the nucleus of the cell. Proteins carrying a nuclear localization signal are recognized by the importin protein in the cytosol and are guided to the nuclear pores.
The 8 to 10 amino acid sequence varies from one nuclear protein to another, but is always rich in positively charged amino acids (the basic amino acids: arginine, lysine, histidine). It can be bipartite (in 2 parts) and is not cleaved after entering the nucleus.
It is essential for kernel transport.
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