Location of the Siberian shield in Asia
The Siberian Kraton, which corresponds to the former Siberian continent, is one of the oldest cratons on Earth and existed at the time of the Archeic. It is a large stable geological area consisting of Precambrian rock in northeastern Asia (and Eurasian plateau). The kraton includes a large part of Siberia in Russia. Usually, the boundaries are laid on the Jenisej in the west, the Lena in the east, the northern seas in the north and the Baikal lake in the south. It is one of the oldest parts of the earth's crust.
The largest part of the kraton is a platform consisting of layers of early Paleozoan deposits. It is believed that the area since the early Paleozoic has no longer come under water from the inland seas, which have flooded the bulk of the land masses. The area consists predominantly of tundra and taiga and is very rich in minerals. History
The Siberian Kraton belonged to the Paleocontinent Arctica with the Canadian Shield about 2.5 billion years ago. In an orogenesis during the Proterozoic, about 1.1 Ga ago, this paleocontinent became part of the supercontinent Rodinia. During a phase of rifting, about 750m ago, Rodinia broke out and made the Siberian Kraton part of the paleocontinent Protolaurazia. After a new phase of mountain formation during the Neoproterozoic, Protolaurazia, and thus the Siberian Kraton, became part of the hypothetical southern supercontinent Pannotia.
During early Cambrian, a supercontinent was no longer available because Siberia, like Laurentia and Baltica, became loose from Gondwana. Siberia remained an independent paleocontinent until the collision with Kazakhstan during the Carboon. At the Ural-orogenesis during the Perm, Siberia and Kazachstania bumped with Baltica, where the Oeral was formed. This was also the final stage in the emergence of the supercontinent Pangea.
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