Colpocephaly is a disorder in which there is evidence of abnormal growth of the occipital horns - the posterior portion of the lateral ventricles (the cavities or compartments) of the brain. This abnormal growth occurs when there is underdevelopment or a lack of thickening in the white matter of the posterior brain. Microcephaly (abnormally small head) and mental retardation are characteristic of colpocephaly. Other conditions include motor abnormalities, muscle spasms, and seizures.
Although the cause is unknown, researchers believe the disorder results from an intrauterine problem that occurs between the second and sixth month of pregnancy. Colpocephaly can be diagnosed late in pregnancy, although it is often misdiagnosed as hydrocephalus (an excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain). It can be diagnosed more accurately after birth when signs of mental retardation, microcephaly and seizures are evident.
There is no definitive treatment for colpocephaly. Anticonvulsive medications can be given to prevent seizures and doctors usually prevent contractures (contraction or shortening of muscles). The prognosis for individuals with colpocephaly depends on the severity of the associated conditions and the degree of abnormal brain development. Special education can benefit some children.
: Brain disorders
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