Operation Joshua was the extraction in 1985 of 500 Ethiopian Jews (called Beta Israel) from Sudan to Israel.

George H. W. Bush, then Vice President of the United States, organized a mission as a continuation of Operation Moses carried out by the Central Intelligence Agency, which had managed to take 8,000 people to Israel. In Operation Joshua, 500 more people were taken from Sudan and taken to Israel. During the five years after the extraction, the emigration of the Ethiopian Jews remained in neutral. All efforts on the part of Beta Israel clashed with the decisions of the dictator Mengistu Haile Mariam. The transfer resumed in 1991 under Operation Solomon, after Mengistu lost power.

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