The year 1302 was called a council in Rome by Boniface VIII.
This Pope made a lot of noise in him and broke into threats against King Philip the Handsome but without getting to the execution. Only the famous decretal is considered as the work of this Council: Unam Sanctam. The Pope says in this Bull: We know that in the Church and under his power there are two spiritual and temporal swords, but the one must be used for the Church and by the pope and the other for the Church and by the hand of the Kings according to the order and permission of the Pontiff . Then it is necessary that one sword be subject to the other, that is, the Temporal Power to the spiritual, because otherwise they would not be ordered and must be, according to the Apostle, etc.
One must carefully distinguish in this Bull the exposed and the decision, as reflected by M. de Fleuri. All the exposed aims to prove that the temporal Power is subject to the spiritual and that the Pope has the right to institute, correct and depose the Sovereigns. Boniface, however, was so resolute that he did not dare to draw this consequence which naturally followed his principles and was content to decide in general that every man is subject to the Pope, a truth that no Catholic doubts so much as to restrict proposition to the spiritual Power. Pope Innocent III formally confessed 100 years before the King of France did not recognize superior in the temporal. This Bull Unam Sanctam, adds Monsieur de Fleuri, does not cause any harm to the King or the Kingdom of France and is thus declared by another Bull of Pope Clement V of February 1, 1309, nor does it make the French more subject to the Roman Church of what they were before.
Portable Dictionary of Councils, 1782
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